International Journal of Biological Sciences Volume 3
Immunoregulatory role of intestinal surfactant-like particles during Salmonella typhimurium infection
M. Hanief Sofi, Archana Bhatnagar, Saveeta Sapra, Akhtar Mahmood, Sidhartha Majumdar
Leading positions on the Internet, cited by many prestigious
sites, high exposure. Abstract indexed in Medline and PubMed, and full text in
PubMed Central.
Biolsci.orgSurfactants like particles (SLP) are secreted by Intestinal epithelium. These particles have the ability to lower surface tension of intestinal epithelial cells and contain small amounts of surfactant specific proteins A, B, and D. In the intestinal lumen they are known to function as lubricants and/or as a vehicle to deliver digestive enzymes to
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Phycobilisomes linker family in cyanobacterial genomes: divergence and evolution
Xiangyu Guan, Song Qin, Fangqing Zhao, Xiaowen Zhang, Xuexi Tang
Cyanobacteria are the oldest life form making important contributions to global CO2 fixation on the Earth. Phycobilisomes (PBSs) are the major light harvesting systems of most cyanobacteria species. Recent availability of the whole genome database of cyanobacteria provides us a global and further view on the complex structural PBSs. A PBSs linker
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cDNA Cloning and Overexpression of Acidic Ribosomal Phosphoprotein P1 Gene (RPLP1) from the Giant Panda
Yu-Jie Du, Xiao-Yan Luo, Yan-Zhe Hao, Tian Zhang, Wan-Ru Hou
RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in
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Candidate Gene Identification Approach: Progress and Challenges
Mengjin Zhu, Shuhong Zhao
Although it has been widely applied in identification of genes responsible for biomedically, economically, or even evolutionarily important complex and quantitative traits, traditional candidate gene approach is largely limited by its reliance on the priori knowledge about the physiological, biochemical or functional aspects of possible
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In Celebration of Dr. Mario R. Capecchi's Nobel Prize
Chuxia Deng
Charles River Sprague Dawley Rats Lack Early Age-Dependent Susceptibility to DMBA-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis
R.B. Gear, M. Yan, J. Schneider, P. Succop, S.C. Heffelfinger, D.J. Clegg
Developmental stages of mammary glands influence their susceptibility to initiating events related to carcinogenesis. The “window of susceptibility” to mammary carcinogenesis is classically defined as the time in early puberty when the mammary gland morphology is most sensitive to initiation events. Administration of the polyaromatic
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DNA damage repair is unaffected by mimicked heterozygous levels of BRCA2 in HT-29 cells
Brian Tannenbaum, Tobechukwu Mofunanya, Alan R. Schoenfeld
Functional loss of both alleles of the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, facilitates tumorigenesis. However, the direct effects of BRCA2 heterozygosity remain unclear. Here, BRCA2 heterozygosity was mimicked in HT-29 colon cells by reducing levels of BRCA2 through stable RNA interference. No difference in RAD51 subcellular localization and
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Thermal injury-plus-sepsis contributes to a substantial deletion of intestinal mesenteric lymph node CD4+ T cell via apoptosis
Nadeem Fazal, Walid M Al-Ghoul
Thermal injury (TI) with septic complications continues to be a serious clinical problem. One of the main concerns in such patients is immunosuppression related to functional derangements in intestinal CD4+ T lymphocytes. Extensive previous studies in thermal injury/septic patients and animal models of thermal injury/sepsis have shown decreased
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Reversal of Systemic Hypertension-Associated Cardiac Remodeling in Chronic Pressure Overload Myocardium by Ciglitazone
Brooke C. Henderson, Utpal Sen, Corey Reynolds, Karni S. Moshal, Alexander Ovechkin, Neetu Tyagi, Ganesh K. Kartha, Walter E. Rodriguez, Suresh C. Tyagi
Elevated oxidative stress has been characterized in numerous disorders including systemic hypertension, arterial stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ameliorates oxidative stress and LVH. To test the hypothesis that PPARγ decreased LVH and cardiac
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Versican Expression during Synovial Joint Morphogenesis
John B. Shepard, Heidi A. Krug, Brooklynn A. LaFoon, Stanley Hoffman, Anthony A. Capehart
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in governing cell behavior and phenotype during limb skeletogenesis. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (Cspgs) are highly expressed in the ECM of precartilage mesenchymal condensations and are important to limb chondrogenesis and cartilage structure, but little is known regarding their
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High level glucose increases mutagenesis in human lymphoblastoid cells
Ying Zhang, Junqing Zhou, Tieli Wang, Lu Cai
Epidemiological data have suggested an increased cancer rates in diabetic patients, for which the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We studied whether high level of glucose (HG) treatment that mimic the hyperglycemic condition in diabetes mellitus is mutagenic. Mutagenesis studies were carried out at both hypoxanthine
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An mRNA-protein Fusion at N-terminus for Evolutionary Protein Engineering
Shingo Ueno, Hidenao Arai, Miho Suzuki, Yuzuru Husimi
Authors are encouraged to suggest names of reviewers. Accepted papers
are published immediately. Submissions of previous review reports by other
journals are welcome.
Biolsci.orgA novel method to link a nascent protein (phenotype) to its mRNA (genotype) covalently through the N-terminus was developed. The mRNA harboring amber stop codon at just downstream of initiation site was hybridized with hydrazide-modified ssDNA at upstream of coding region and was ligated to the DNA. This construct was then modified with
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The Amphioxus SoxB Family: Implications for the Evolution of Vertebrate Placodes
Daniel Meulemans, Marianne Bronner-Fraser
Cranial placodes are regions of thickened ectoderm that give rise to sense organs and ganglia in the vertebrate head. Homologous structures are proposed to exist in urochordates, but have not been found in cephalochordates, suggesting the first chordates lacked placodes. SoxB genes are expressed in discrete subsets of vertebrate placodes. To
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Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activities of Herbs and Pastures in Northern Japan Determined Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry
Mohammad Al-Mamun, Koji Yamaki, Toshiki Masumizu, Yumi Nakai, Katsumi Saito, Hiroaki Sano, Yoshifumi Tamura
Free radicals are not only destructive to the living cells but also reduce the quality of animal products through oxidation. As a result the superoxide anion radical (O2・-), one of the most destructive reactive oxygen species, is a matter of concern for the animal scientists as well as feed manufacturers to ensure the quality of product to
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Differences in Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Distribution between Human Melanoma Cell Lines UACC903 and UACC903(+6), before and after UV Irradiation
Qiuyang Zhang, Yuanbin Chen, Bi-Dar Wang, Ping He, Yan A. Su
Introduction of human chromosome 6 into malignant melanoma cell line UACC903 resulted in generation of the chromosome 6-mediated suppressed cell subline UACC903(+6) that displays attenuated growth rate, anchorage-dependency, and reduced tumorigenicity. We have showed that overexpression of a chromosome 6-encoded tumor suppressor gene led to
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The responses of HT22 cells to the blockade of mitochondrial complexes and potential protective effect of selenium supplementation
Jun Panee, Wanyu Liu, Kyoko Nakamura, Marla J. Berry
Mitochondria are the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) – generating sites in mammalian cells. Blockade of complexes in the electron transport chain (ETC) increases the leakage of single electrons to O2 and therefore increases ROS levels. Complexes I and III have been reported to be the major ROS-generating sites in mitochondria. In this
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Reduced Risk of Human Lung Cancer by Selective Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) Blockade: Results of a Case Control Study
Randall E. Harris, Joanne Beebe-Donk, Galal A. Alshafie
We conducted a case control study of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) blocking agents and lung cancer. A total of 492 newly diagnosed lung cancer cases were ascertained during January 1, 2002 to September 30, 2004, at The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio. All cases were confirmed by examination of the pathology report.
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In search of a function for the most frequent naturally-occurring length polymorphism (MFNLP) of the HIV-1 LTR: Retaining functional coupling, of Nef and RBF-2, at RBEIII?
Mario Clemente Estable
Although the prototypical HIV-1 LTR sequences were determined 22 years ago from the initial isolate, elucidating which transcription factors are critical to replication in vivo, has been difficult. One approach has been to examine HIV-1 LTRs that have gone through the gamut of in vivo mutation and selection, in search of absolutely conserved
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The Forces Behind Cell Movement
Revathi Ananthakrishnan, Allen Ehrlicher
Cell movement is a complex phenomenon primarily driven by the actin network beneath the cell membrane, and can be divided into three general components: protrusion of the leading edge of the cell, adhesion of the leading edge and deadhesion at the cell body and rear, and cytoskeletal contraction to pull the cell forward. Each of these steps is
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Human Maf1 negatively regulates RNA Polymerase III transcription via the TFIIB family members Brf1 and Brf2
Janet Rollins, Ingrid Veras, Stephanie Cabarcas, Ian Willis, Laura Schramm
RNA polymerase III (RNA pol III) transcribes many of the small structural RNA molecules involved in processing and translation, thereby regulating the growth rate of a cell. Initiation of pol III transcription requires the evolutionarily conserved pol III initiation factor TFIIIB. TFIIIB is the molecular target of regulation by tumor suppressors,
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Effects of BRCA1 Transgene Expression on Murine Mammary Gland Development and Mutagen-Induced Mammary Neoplasia
Arichika Hoshino, Cindy J. Yee, Mel Campbell, Randall L. Woltjer, Rebecca L. Townsend, Riet van der Meer, Yu Shyr, Jeffrey T. Holt, Harold L. Moses, Roy A. Jensen
To characterize the role of BRCA1 in mammary gland development and tumor suppression, a transgenic mouse model of BRCA1 overexpression was developed. Using the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter/enhancer, transgenic mice expressing human BRCA1 or select mutant controls were generated. Transgenic animals examined during adolescence were
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Development of a highly sensitive and selective microplate chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for the determination of free thyroxine in human serum
Xu Wang, Hui Chen, Jin-Ming Lin, Xitang Ying
A microplate chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) with high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility was developed for the determination of free thyroxine (FT4) in human serum. A competitive assay has been utilized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled thyroxine analog in the chemiluminescence (CL) detection. The CL signal produced
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Proteomics Analysis of the Expression of Neurogranin in Murine Neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) Cells Reveals Its Involvement for Cell Differentiation
Nian-Lin Reena Han, Jing Wen, Qingsong Lin, Pei Ling Tan, Yih-Cherng Liou, Fwu-Shan Sheu
Authors are encouraged to suggest names of reviewers. Accepted papers
are published immediately. Submissions of previous review reports by other
journals are welcome.
Biolsci.orgNeurogranin (Ng) is a neural-specific, calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein that is phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC). Although its biochemical property has been well characterized, the physiological function of Ng needs to be elucidated. In the present study, we performed proteomics analysis of the induced compositional changes due to the
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Enrichment of coenzyme Q10 in plasma and blood cells: defense against oxidative damage
Petra Niklowitz, Anka Sonnenschein, Bernd Janetzky, Werner Andler, Thomas Menke
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) concentration in blood cells was analyzed by HPLC and compared to plasma concentration before, during, and after CoQ10 (3 mg/kg/day) supplementation to human probands. Lymphocyte DNA 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative stress, was analyzed by Comet assay. Subjects supplemented with CoQ10 showed a distinct
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A polychromator-based microspectrophotometer
Valter Evangelista, Mauro Evangelisti, Laura Barsanti, Anna Maria Frassanito, Vincenzo Passarelli, Paolo Gualtieri
A microspectrophotometer is a digital microscope used to measure absorption and fluorescence spectra. In this paper we describe a polychromator-based microspectrophotometer that performs in vivo absorption or emission measurements at the same time on different subcellular compartments such as photoreceptive and photosynthetic structures of algal
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Silencing of the Pink1 Gene Expression by Conditional RNAi Does Not Induce Dopaminergic Neuron Death in Mice
Hongxia Zhou, Björn H Falkenburger, Jörg B Schulz, Kim Tieu, Zuoshang Xu, Xu Gang Xia
Transgenic RNAi, an alternative to the gene knockout approach, can induce hypomorphic phenotypes that resemble those of the gene knockout in mice. Conditional transgenic RNAi is an attractive choice of method for reverse genetics in vivo because it can achieve temporal and spatial silencing of targeted genes. Pol III promoters such as U6 are
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Tyrosine Sulfation of Statherin
C. Kasinathan, N. Gandhi, P. Ramaprasad, P. Sundaram, N. Ramasubbu
Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST), responsible for the sulfation of a variety of secretory and membrane proteins, has been identified and characterized in submandibular salivary glands (William et al. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 338: 90-96). In the present study we demonstrate the sulfation of a salivary secretory protein, statherin, by the
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MCEF is localized to the nucleus by protein sequences encoded within three distinct exons, where it represses HIV-1 Tat-transactivation of LTR-directed transcription
Maksymilian F. Niedzielski, Robert Hopewell, Zohra Ismail, Mario C. Estable
Translocations between the human Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) and AF4 Family (AFF) member genes, are implicated in leukemia. Mutations to AFFs can disrupt lymphopoesis, CNS development and spermatogenesis. However, despite the growing list of pathologies linked to AFF members, their evolutionary relationship and the structure/function of
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Characterization of transcriptional regulation of neurogranin by nitric oxide and the role of neurogranin in SNP-induced cell death: implication of neurogranin in an increased neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress
Jingang Gui, Yan Song, Nian-Lin Reena Han, Fwu-Shan Sheu
Neurogranin (Ng), a calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein kinase C (PKC) substrate, regulates the availability of Ca2+/CaM complex and modulates the homeostasis of intracellular calcium in neurons. Previous work showed Ng oxidation by NO donor induces increase in [Ca2+]i. The current study demonstrated that the gene transcription of Ng could be
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Structural stability and endonuclease activity of a PI-SceI GFP-fusion protein
Alireza G. Senejani, J. Peter Gogarten
Homing endonucleases are site-specific and rare cutting endonucleases often encoded by intron or intein containing genes. They lead to the rapid spread of the genetic element that hosts them by a process termed 'homing'; and ultimately the allele containing the element will be fixed in the population. PI-SceI, an endonuclease encoded as a protein
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Overexpression of Selenoprotein H Reduces Ht22 Neuronal Cell Death after UVB Irradiation by Preventing Superoxide Formation
Kamel E. Ben Jilani, Jun Panee, Qingping He, Marla J. Berry, Ping-An Li
Selenoproteins have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological functions, including antioxidant functions, maintaining cellular redox balance, and heavy metal detoxification. UV irradiation-induced damage is partially mediated by increased oxygen radical production. The present study is designed to examine the antioxidative effects of human
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Advances in QTL Mapping in Pigs
Max F. Rothschild, Zhi-liang Hu, Zhihua Jiang
Over the past 15 years advances in the porcine genetic linkage map and discovery of useful candidate genes have led to valuable gene and trait information being discovered. Early use of exotic breed crosses and now commercial breed crosses for quantitative trait loci (QTL) scans and candidate gene analyses have led to 110 publications which have
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Identifying the Future Needs for Long-Term USDA Efforts in Agricultural Animal Genomics
R. D. Green, M. A. Qureshi, J. A. Long, P.J. Burfening, D.L. Hamernik
Agricultural animal research has been immensely successful over the past century in developing technology and methodologies that have dramatically enhanced production efficiency of the beef, dairy, swine, poultry, sheep, and aquaculture industries. In the past two decades, molecular biology has changed the face of agricultural animal research,
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Advances in Swine Biomedical Model Genomics
Joan K. Lunney
No more wait for lengthy publication time in other journals only to find that
other researchers/labs have published the same results. Submit your manuscripts
today.
Biolsci.orgThis review is a short update on the diversity of swine biomedical models and the importance of genomics in their continued development. The swine has been used as a major mammalian model for human studies because of the similarity in size and physiology, and in organ development and disease progression. The pig model allows for deliberately timed
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Characterizing Linkage Disequilibrium in Pig Populations
Feng-Xing Du, Archie C. Clutter, Michael M. Lohuis
Knowledge of the extent and range of linkage disequilibrium (LD), defined as non-random association of alleles at two or more loci, in animal populations is extremely valuable in localizing genes affecting quantitative traits, identifying chromosomal regions under selection, studying population history, and characterizing/managing genetic
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Genetic Resources, Genome Mapping and Evolutionary Genomics of the Pig (Sus scrofa)
Kefei Chen, Tara Baxter, William M. Muir, Martien A. Groenen, Lawrence B. Schook
The pig, a representative of the artiodactyla clade, is one of the first animals domesticated, and has become an important agriculture animal as one of the major human nutritional sources of animal based protein. The pig is also a valuable biomedical model organism for human health. The pig's importance to human health and nutrition is reflected
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Advances in Swine Transcriptomics
Christopher K. Tuggle, Yanfang Wang, Oliver Couture
The past five years have seen a tremendous rise in porcine transcriptomic data. Available porcine Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) have expanded greatly, with over 623,000 ESTs deposited in Genbank. ESTs have been used to expand the pig-human comparative maps, but such data has also been used in many ways to understand pig gene expression. Several
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Swine Genome Science Comes of Age
Zhihua Jiang, Max F. Rothschild
Pigs were among the first animals to be domesticated and pork is one of the most widely eaten meats in the world today. The pig has also been an excellent biomedical model for understanding a variety of human health issues such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, female reproductive health, cardiovascular disease, and infectious diseases. Genome
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Depletion of ceramides with very long chain fatty acids causes defective skin permeability barrier function, and neonatal lethality in ELOVL4 deficient mice
Wenmei Li, Roger Sandhoff, Mari Kono, Patricia Zerfas, Vickie Hoffmann, Bryan Char-Hoa Ding, Richard L. Proia, Chu-Xia Deng
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), either free or as components of glycerolipids and sphingolipids, are present in many organs. Elongation of very long chain fatty acids-4 (ELOVL4) belongs to a family of 6 members of putative fatty acid elongases that are involved in the formation of VLCFA. Mutations in ELOVL4 were found to be responsible for an
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Essential role of Elovl4 in very long chain fatty acid synthesis, skin permeability barrier function, and neonatal survival
D. Joshua Cameron, Zongzhong Tong, Zhenglin Yang, Jack Kaminoh, Shin Kamiyah, Haoyu Chen, Jiexi Zeng, Yali Chen, Ling Luo, Kang Zhang
Mutations in the gene ELOVL4 have been shown to cause stargardt-like macular dystrophy. ELOVL4 is part of a family of fatty acid elongases and is yet to have a specific elongase activity assigned to it. We generated Elovl4 Y270X mutant mice and characterized the homozygous mutant as well as homozygous Elovl4 knockout mice in order to better
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Application of Nanotechnology in Cancer Research: Review of Progress in the National Cancer Institute's Alliance for Nanotechnology
Beeta Ehdaie
Mouse 24p3 Protein Has an Effect on L929 Cell Viability
Pei-Tzu Li, Ying-Chu Lee, Namasivayam Elangovan, Sin-Tak Chu
It is well known that mouse uterine 24p3 protein, is an acute phase protein, secreted from the L929 cell line, and that it will be induced by the dexamethasone stimulation of the cell. We investigated the possible effects of 24p3 protein on the L929 cell line, by observing its morphological change, ROS increase and viability decrease, by the
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RNAi-based conditional gene knockdown in mice using a U6 promoter driven vector
Vivek Shukla, Xavier Coumoul, Chu-Xia Deng
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool widely used for studying gene function in a number of species. We have previously developed an approach that allows conditional expression of a polymerase III promoter based small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in mice using the Cre-LoxP system. This approach uses a U6 promoter, which is inactive due to the presence
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A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Asian black bear Sichuan subspecies (Ursus thibetanus mupinensis)
Wan-ru Hou, Yu Chen, Xia Wu, Jin-chu Hu, Zheng-song Peng, Jung Yang, Zong-xiang Tang, Cai-Quan Zhou, Yu-ming Li, Shi-kui Yang, Yu-jie Du, Ling-lu Kong, Zheng-long Ren, Huai-yu Zhang, Su-rong Shuai
We obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of U.thibetanus mupinensis by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments of 18 primers we designed. The results indicate that the mtDNA is 16 868 bp in size, encodes 13 protein genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, with an overall H-strand base composition of 31.2% A, 25.4% C, 15.5% G and 27.9% T. The
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The Environmental-Endocrine Basis of Gynandromorphism (Intersex) in a Crustacean
Allen W. Olmstead, Gerald A. LeBlanc
Indexed in Medline/PubMed. Full text is beautifully presented and linked.
High exposure on the Internet and search engines. Authors can also publish a
biography together with the paper.
Biolsci.orgCommensurate with the decline in many crustacean populations has been an accumulation in reports of sexually ambiguous individuals within these populations. The cause of gynandromorphism or intersex among crustaceans is unknown. We show that gynandromorphism in the branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna is initiated by the sex-determining hormone
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Role of TAB1 in nitric oxide-induced p38 activation in insulin-producing cells
Natalia Makeeva, Godfried M. Roomans, Nils Welsh
The aim of present study was to elucidate the role of TAB1 in nitric oxide-induced activation of p38 MAPK. For this purpose we over-expressed TAB1 in insulin-producing β-TC6 cells. We observed in cells transiently over-expressing TAB1 that p38 activation was enhanced in response to DETA/NONOate. A lowering of TAB1 levels, using the siRNA
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Urokinase Separation from Cell Culture Broth of a Human Kidney Cell Line
Vibha Bansal, Pradip K. Roychoudhury, Ashok Kumar
A single step ion-exchange chromatography on a sulfo-propyl (SP)- Sepharose column was performed to separate both the high molecular weight (HMW)- and low molecular weight (LMW)- forms of enzymatically active urokinase type plasminogen activator from human kidney (HT1080) cell culture media. The level of urokinase secreted by the cell line reached
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Prion-derived copper-binding peptide fragments catalyze the generation of superoxide anion in the presence of aromatic monoamines
Tomonori Kawano
Objectives: Studies have proposed two opposing roles for copper-bound forms of prion protein (PrP) as an anti-oxidant supporting the neuronal functions and as a pro-oxidant leading to neurodegenerative process involving the generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis in which putative copper-binding
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Distinct domain-dependent effect of syntaxin1A on amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (ENaC) currents in HT-29 colonic epithelial cells
Sunil K Saxena, Madhurima Singh, Simarna Kaur, Constantine George
The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a plasma membrane protein mediates sodium reabsorption in epithelial tissues, including the distal nephron and colon. Syntaxin1A, a trafficking protein of the t-SNARE family has been reported to inhibit ENaC in the Xenopus oocyte expression and artificial lipid bilayer systems. The present
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Intrarenal Oxidative Stress and Augmented Angiotensinogen are Precedent to Renal Injury in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
Yuki Suzaki, Yuri Ozawa, Hiroyuki Kobori
The Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat is a model of type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome based on impaired glucose tolerance caused by the inherited insulin-resistance gene. The ZDF rat exhibits progressive nephropathy; however, the detailed mechanisms have remained unclear. This study was performed to examine the possible involvement of enhanced
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Proteomic Identification of 14-3-3ζ as an Adapter for IGF-1 and Akt/GSK-3β Signaling and Survival of Renal Mesangial Cells
Lalit P. Singh, Yan Jiang, Davis W. Cheng
Recently we demonstrated that IGF-1 expression is increased in the diabetic kidney and that it may involve in renal hypertrophy and extracellular matrix protein (ECM) accumulation in mesangial cells as seen in diabetic glomerulopathy. The present study investigates the molecular mechanism(s) of IGF-1 and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta
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Are heat shock proteins therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease?
Guang-Rui Luo, Sheng Chen, Wei-Dong Le
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), known as molecular chaperone to assist protein folding, have recently become a research focus in Parkinson's disease (PD) because the pathogenesis of this disease is highlighted by the intracellular protein misfolding and inclusion body formation. The present review will focus on the functions of different HSPs and
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Increased Susceptibility to Metabolic Alterations in Young Adult Females Exposed to Early Malnutrition
María del Carmen Miñana-Solis, Carolina Escobar
Early malnutrition during gestation and lactation modifies growth and metabolism permanently. Follow up studies using a nutritional rehabilitation protocol have reported that early malnourished rats exhibit hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia, suggesting that the effects of early malnutrition are permanent and produce a “programming”
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Gamma Protocadherin Expression in the Embryonic Chick Nervous System
Kenneth D. Cronin, Anthony A. Capehart
Protocadherin γ (pcdh-γ) family expression was examined in the embryonic chick central nervous system by in situ hybridization. Transcripts were visualized in discrete regions of fore-, mid-, and hindbrain at stages 23 and 25 and in spinal cord and optic lobe at stages 27 and 43, respectively. Results suggest that pcdh-γ may
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Effect of Reparation of Repeat Sequences in the Human α-Synuclein on Fibrillation Ability
Koji Sode, Sayaka Ochiai, Natsuki Kobayashi, Eri Usuzaka
The aggregation and fibrillation of α-synuclein has been implicated as a causative factor in the Parkinson's disease. The hexamer motif KTKEGV is found in each of the seven imperfect repeat sequences in the N-terminal half of α-synuclein. The motif is not fully conserved in the sixth and seventh repeats. We created mutants in which the
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