International Journal of Medical Sciences Volume 3
Low concentration of ethanol induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells: role of various signal transduction pathways
Francisco Castaneda, Sigrid Rosin-Steiner
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Medsci.orgAs we previously demonstrated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, ethanol at low concentration triggers the Fas apoptotic pathway. However, its role in other intracellular signaling pathways remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of low concentration of ethanol on different intracellular
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The association of meat intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes may be modified by body weight
Raquel Villegas, Xiao Ou Shu, Yu-Tang Gao, Gong Yang, Hui Cai, Honglan Li, Wei Zheng
Aim: To investigate the association between meat intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes (type 2 DM) in a large cohort of middle-aged women. Design, subjects and methods: Incident cases of type 2 DM were identified during an average of 4.6 years of follow-up in a prospective cohort study of 74,493 middle-aged, Chinese women (mean age ± SD
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Mutation Analysis of hCDC4 in AML Cells Identifies a New Intronic Polymorphism
Daniel Nowak, Maximilian Mossner, Claudia D. Baldus, Olaf Hopfer, Eckhard Thiel, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
hCDC4 (FBW7, FBXW7) is a new potential tumor suppressor gene which provides substrate specificity for SCF (Skp–Cullin–F-box) ubiquitin ligases and thereby regulates the degradation of potent oncogenes such as cyclin E, Myc, c-Jun and Notch. Mutations in the hCDC4 gene have been found in several solid tumors such as pancreas, colorectal
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A possible link between exercise-training adaptation and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate- an oldest-old female study
Yi-Jen Huang, Mu-Tsung Chen, Chin-Lung Fang, Wen-Chih Lee, Sun-Chin Yang, Chia-Hua Kuo
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the level of salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and the magnitude of adaptation to exercise training in insulin sensitivity for aged females. A group of 16 females, aged 80-93 years old, was divided into 2 groups according to their baseline DHEA-S levels: Lower Halves
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Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori according to genotypes of CYP2C19, IL-1B, and TNF-A
Yoshiko Ishida, Yasuyuki Goto, Takaaki Kondo, Mio Kurata, Kazuko Nishio, Sayo Kawai, Tomo Osafune, Mariko Naito, Nobuyuki Hamajima
Background: Lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin are commonly used drugs for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). A few studies reported that the eradication rate was influenced by the functional polymorphism of CYP2C19, whose product metabolizes proton pomp inhibitors including lansoprazole. Methods: This study examined the
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Malignant phyllodes tumor with heterologous liposarcomatous differentiation and tubular adenoma-like epithelial component
L. Uriev, I. Maslovsky, P. Vainshtein, B. Yoffe, D. Ben-Dor
Phyllodes tumor of the breast is a biphasic fibroepithelial neoplasm. A 30-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of a palpable, asymptomatic right breast mass without axillary lymphadenopathy and family history of breast carcinoma. Malignant phyllodes tumor was diagnosed. The authors present not previously described histological
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Low temperature tolerance of human embryonic stem cells
Boon Chin Heng, Kumar Jayaseelan Vinoth, Hua Liu, Manoor Prakash Hande, Tong Cao
This study investigated the effects of exposing human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to 4oC and 25oC for extended durations of 24h and 48h respectively. Cell survivability after low temperature exposure was assessed through the MTT assay. The results showed that hESC survivability after exposure to 25oC and 4oC for 24h was 77.3 ± 4.8 % and 64.4
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PARP-1 inhibitors: are they the long-sought genetically specific drugs for BRCA1/2-associated breast cancers?
Joseph A. De Soto, Chu-Xia Deng
Recent studies demonstrated that PARP-1 [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1] inhibitors kill breast cancer associated gene-1 and –2 (BRCA1/2) deficient cells with extremely high efficiency while BRCA+/- and BRCA+/+ cells are relatively non-responsive to the treatment. It was therefore proposed that PARP-1 inhibitors might be the long-sought
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In vitro bactericidal activities of Japanese rice-fluid against Helicobacter pylori strains
Yoshiyuki Kawakami, Kozue Oana, Masayoshi Hayama, Hiroyoshi Ota, Masahiko Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Miyashita, Tsunetomo Matsuzawa, Kiyomi Kanaya
Background: Helicobacter pylori has now been widely recognized as a causative agent of gastroduodenal diseases. The development of safer anti- H. pylori compounds is desirable due to the antibiotic-resistant strains emerged to date. Methods: We successfully developed the compounds of Rice-fluid derived from unpolished, polished, and usually cooked
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Association of the T+294C polymorphism in PPAR δ with low HDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk in women
Jens Aberle, Inga Hopfer, Frank Ulrich Beil, Udo Seedorf
Background: The +T294C polymorphism in PPARδ represents a functional SNP affecting transcriptional activity of the PPARδ gene. To address whether this polymorphism is associated with the risk for coronary heart disease and/or plasma lipid levels in women, we studied a group of 967 female patients with hyperlipidaemia in the presence
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No increased risk of infant hypospadias after maternal use of loratadine in early pregnancy
Bengt Källén, Petra Otterblad Olausson
The original report published in 2001 on a possible association between maternal use of loratadine and an increased risk of infant hypospadias, based on data in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 1995-2001, has been followed up by continued surveillance in the same register. The original “signal” was based on 15 infants with
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Comparison of osteogenic potentials of human rat BMP4 and BMP6 gene therapy using [E1-] and [E1-,E2b-] adenoviral vectors
Hongwei Li, Jin Zhong Li, Debra D. Pittman, Andy Amalfitano, Gerald R. Hankins, Gregory A. Helm
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Medsci.orgOsteogenic potentials of some recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) first-generation adenoviral vectors (ADhBMPs) are significantly limited in immunocompetent animals. It is unclear what role expression of viral proteins and foreign proteins transduced by adenoviral vectors play in the host immune response and in ectopic bone
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Serum cystatin C levels to predict serum concentration of digoxin in Japanese patients
Tsutomu Nakamura, Takeshi Ioroi, Toshiyuki Sakaeda, Masanori Horinouchi, Nobuhide Hayashi, Kensuke Saito, Mitsuro Kosaka, Noboru Okamura, Keiichi Kadoyama, Shunichi Kumagai, Katsuhiko Okumura
Cystatin C (Cys-C) has been recently paid great attention as a better endogenous marker of the glomerular filtration rate than creatinine (Cr). In this study, the usefulness of Cys-C was compared with Cr in terms of the estimation of the steady-state serum trough concentrations of digoxin in Japanese patients. Forty patients treated with digoxin
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Skeletal muscle sodium glucose co-transporters in older adults with type 2 diabetes undergoing resistance training
Francisco Castaneda, Jennifer E. Layne, Carmen Castaneda
We examined the expression of the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter system (hSGLT3) in skeletal muscle of Hispanic older adults with type 2 diabetes. Subjects (65±8 yr) were randomized to resistance training (3x/wk, n=13) or standard of care (controls, n=5) for 16 weeks. Skeletal muscle hSGLT3 and GLUT4 mRNA transcript levels were
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Management of HCV Infection and Liver Transplantation
Thomas D. Schiano, Paul Martin
A major challenge facing liver transplant recipients and their physicians is recurrence of hepatitis C virus infection following otherwise technically successful liver transplantation. Recurrent infection leads to diminished graft and patient survival. Although a number or predictors of severe recurrence have been identified, no definitive
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Antiviral therapy of HCV in the cirrhotic and transplant candidate
Steven K. Herrine, Victor J. Navarro
Despite the improved efficacy of peginterferons, the rate of sustained virologic response is suboptimal in cirrhotic patients, relative to non-cirrhotic patients. However, the treatment of patients with compensated cirrhosis has recently been encouraged by expert panels. Interferon-based therapy may provide additional benefit by reducing the risk
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Treatment of Chronic HCV Infection in Special Populations
John Hoefs, Vikramjit S. Aulakh
The mainstay of treatment of chronic hepatitis C is pegylated interferon combined with ribavirin and more than 50% of naïve patients will have viral cure with either 6 months (genotypes 2 and 3) or 12 months (genotypes 1,4, and 6) with the initial treatment. However, populations have been defined that respond less well to routine treatment
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A Practical Approach to Managing Patients with HCV Infection
Richard H. Huang, Ke-Qin Hu
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide public health concern. It is a common cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV antibody and HCV RNA testing are available diagnostic studies that offer high degree of accuracy. Current standard therapy includes a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin.
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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Dual Infection
Zhihua Liu, Jinlin Hou
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a substantial proportion of liver diseases worldwide. Because the two hepatotropic viruses share same modes of transmission, coinfection with the two viruses is not uncommon, especially in areas with a high prevalence of HBV infection and among people at high risk for
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and Hepatic Steatosis
Eugene J. Yoon, Ke-Qin Hu
There are two discrete forms of steatosis that may be found in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Metabolic steatosis can coexist with HCV, regardless of genotype, in patients with risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. The second form of hepatic steatosis in HCV patients is a result of the direct
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The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection
Stephen L. Chen , Timothy R. Morgan
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the most common indication for liver transplantation in many countries. Although the incidence of hepatitis C infection has dramatically decreased during the past decade, the worldwide reservoir of chronically infected persons
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Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection
Theodore Sy, M. Mazen Jamal
Hepatitis C virus remains a large health care burden to the world. Incidence rates across the world fluctuate and are difficult to calculate given the asymptomatic, often latent nature of the disease prior to clinical presentation. Prevalence rates across the world have changed as well with more countries aware of transfusion-related hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C Virus Serologic and Virologic Tests and Clinical Diagnosis of HCV-Related Liver Disease
Stéphane Chevaliez, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
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Medsci.orgThe use of serological and virological tests has become essential in the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in order to diagnose infection, guide treatment decisions and assess the virological response to antiviral therapy. Virological tools include serological assays for anti-HCV antibody detection and serological determination of
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Molecular Virology of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): 2006 Update
Volker Brass, Darius Moradpour, Hubert E. Blum
Fascinating progress in the understanding of the molecular biology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was achieved recently. The replicon system revolutionized the investigation of HCV RNA replication and facilitated drug discovery. Novel systems for functional analyses of the HCV glycoproteins allowed the validation of HCV receptor candidates and the
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Guest Editor's Editorial: Advances in Managing Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection (A Special Issue)
Ke-Qin Hu
Hb J- Meerut [α 120 (H3) Ala ->Glu (α1)] In A Turkish Male
Gunçag Dinçol, Serkan Güvenç, Dedrey Elam, Abdullah Kutlar, Ferdane Kutlar
Hb J Meerut is an infrequently found α-globin variant. It has previously been reported in various populations around the world. One particular case reported in 1994 included a Turkish family. In this report, details of a second case of Hb J Meerut in a Turkish male who is unrelated to the first family are described. In the present case a
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Maternal use of Loratadine during pregnancy and risk of hypospadias in offspring
Lars Pedersen, Mette Vinther Skriver, Mette Nørgaard, Henrik Toft Sørensen
To examine the risk of hypospadias after exposure to loratadine and other antihistamines during pregnancy, we conducted a population-based case-control study in four Danish counties, which account for 30% of the Danish population (~1.6 M). We obtained data on maternal use of antihistamines from prescription databases, and data on birth
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Correlations of HBV Genotypes, Mutations Affecting HBeAg Expression and HBeAg/ anti-HBe Status in HBV Carriers
Chee Kent Lim , Joanne Tsui Ming Tan, Jason Boo Siang Khoo, Aarthi Ravichandran, Hsin Mei Low, Yin Chyi Chan, So Har Ton
This study was carried out to determine the effects of hepatitis B virus genotypes, core promoter mutations (A1762G1764→T1762A1764) as well as precore stop codon mutations (TGG→TAG) on HBeAg expression and HBeAg/ anti-HBe status. Study was also performed on the effects of codon 15 variants (C1858/ T1858) on the predisposition of
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Postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements after thyroid surgery: Comparison of three intraoperative opioid regimens
C. Motamed, J.C. Merle, L. Yakhou, X. Combes, J. Vodinh, C. Kouyoumoudjian, P. Duvaldestin
Purpose: This study was designed to compare the effect on postoperative pain, opioid consumption and the length of stay in postoperative care unit (PACU) after three different intraoperative analgesic regimens in thyroid surgery. Methods: Seventy five patients were enrolled into the study and assigned to one of three groups, fentanyl, sufentanil
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Effect of antibodies on the expression of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein gene
B S Jesuíno, C Casimiro, V E do Rosário, H Silveira
Antibodies are known to play an important role in the control of malaria infection. However, they can modulate parasite development enhancing infection. The effect of anti-Plasmodium antibodies on the expression of circumsporozoite protein gene (csp) was investigated. Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 in vitro cultures were submitted to: i) anti-
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Polysaccharides from the root of Angelica sinensis protect bone marrow and gastrointestinal tissues against the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice
Marco K. C. Hui, William K. K. Wu, Vivian Y. Shin, Wallace H. L. So, Chi Hin Cho
Cyclophosphamide (CY) is a cytostatic agent that produces systemic toxicity especially on cells with high proliferative capacity, while polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (AP) have been shown to increase the turnover of gastrointestinal mucosal and hemopoietic stem cells. It is not known whether AP has an effect on CY-induced cytotoxicity on
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