International Journal of Medical Sciences Volume 5
Molecular Predictors of EGFR-TKI Sensitivity in Advanced Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
Xiaozhu Zhang, Alex Chang
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Medsci.orgThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in the majority of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and is a major target for new therapies. Specific EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed and used for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The clinical response, however, varies dramatically among different patient
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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonograpic Findings in Pancreatic Tumors
Chiara RECALDINI, Gianpaolo CARRAFIELLO, Elena BERTOLOTTI, Maria Gloria ANGERETTI, Carlo FUGAZZOLA
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to present the potentials and limits of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the characterization of pancreatic tumors, usually hypoechoic or cystic at B-mode ultrasound. CONCLUSION: As regards hypoechoic lesions at B-mode ultrasound, CEUS often can distinguish among adenocarcinoma, islet cell tumor
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BRCA1 mutations in Algerian breast cancer patients: high frequency in young, sporadic cases
Nancy Uhrhammer, Amina Abdelouahab, Laurence Lafarge, Viviane Feillel, Ahmed Ben Dib, Yves-Jean Bignon
Breast cancer rates and median age of onset differ between Western Europe and North Africa. In Western populations, 5 to 10 % of breast cancer cases can be attributed to major genetic factors such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, while this attribution is not yet well defined among Africans. To help determine the contribution of BRCA1 mutations to breast
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Iodine Alters Gene Expression in the MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: Evidence for an Anti-Estrogen Effect of Iodine
Frederick R. Stoddard II, Ari D. Brooks, Bernard A. Eskin, Gregg J. Johannes
The protective effects of iodine on breast cancer have been postulated from epidemiologic evidence and described in animal models. The molecular mechanisms responsible have not been identified but laboratory evidence suggests that iodine may inhibit cancer promotion through modulation of the estrogen pathway. To elucidate the role of iodine in
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Receipt of Standard Breast Cancer Treatment by African American and White Women
Julie Worthington, John W. Waterbor, Ellen Funkhouser, Carla Falkson, Stacey Cofield, Mona Fouad
Objectives: Breast cancer mortality is higher among African Americans than for Whites, though their breast cancer incidence is lower. This study examines whether this disparity may be due to differential receipt of treatment defined as “standard of care” or “addition to standard of care” by the National Comprehensive Cancer
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Infliximab and Etanercept Are Equally Effective in Reducing Enterocyte APOPTOSIS in Experimental Colitis
Walter Fries, Carmelo Muja, Carmela Crisafulli, Giuseppe Costantino, Giuseppe Longo, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Emanuela Mazzon
Loss of epithelial barrier integrity is considered an early step in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), and the rate of enterocyte apoptosis is one of the determinants of the intestinal barrier function. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), one of the major proinflammatory mediators in CD, is one of the extrinsic signals which initiate
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Ethical Perspectives on RNA Interference Therapeutics
Mette Ebbesen, Thomas G. Jensen, Svend Andersen, Finn Skou Pedersen
RNA interference is a mechanism for controlling normal gene expression which has recently begun to be employed as a potential therapeutic agent for a wide range of disorders, including cancer, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders. Clinical trials with RNA interference have begun. However, challenges such as off-target effects, toxicity and
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Of rodents and humans: a light microscopic and ultrastructural study on cardiomyocytes in pulmonary veins
Josef Mueller-Hoecker, Frigga Beitinger, Borja Fernandez, Olaf Bahlmann, Gerald Assmann, Christian Troidl, Ilias Dimomeletis, Stefan Kääb, Elisabeth Deindl
Cardiomyocytes in pulmonary veins (PVs) have been reported in rodents and humans. In humans they were related to atrial arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF). To investigate histological similarities and differences in PV cardiomyocyte localization and distribution, we performed comparative light and electron microscopic studies on
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OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Correlation between Electron Flow, Proton Translocation, Oxygen Consumption and ATP Synthesis under Close to In Vivo Concentrations of Oxygen
Baltazar D. Reynafarje, Jorge Ferreira
For the fist time the mitochondrial process of oxidative phosphorylation has been studied by determining the extent and initial rates of electron flow, H+ translocation, O2 uptake and ATP synthesis under close to in vivo concentrations of oxygen. The following novel results were obtained. 1) The real rates of O2 uptake and ATP synthesis are orders
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Differential display identifies overexpression of the USP36 gene, encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme, in ovarian cancer
Jianduan Li, Lisa M. Olson, Zhengyan Zhang, Lina Li, Miri Bidder, Loan Nguyen, John Pfeifer, Janet S. Rader
Objectives. To find potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets, we used differential display technique to identify genes that are over or under expressed in human ovarian cancer. Methods. Genes were initially identified by differential display between two human ovarian surface epithelium cultures and two ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780
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Adult neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and therapeutic potential of adult neural stem cells
Philippe Taupin
The pathogenesis of neurological diseases and disorders remains mostly unknown. Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a causative factor for neurological diseases. The confirmation that neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain and neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the adult central nervous system (CNS) of mammals has tremendous implications for
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Expressions of EphA2 and EphrinA-1 in early squamous cell cervical carcinomas and their relation to prognosis
Ruth Holm, Gregg Van de Putte, Zhenhe Suo, A Kathrine Lie, Gunnar B Kristensen
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Medsci.orgBy using immunohistochemistry we investigated the expression of EphA2 and EphrinA-1 in 217 early squamous cell cervical carcinomas and examine their prognostic relevance. For EphA2 expression, 21 tumors (10%) showed negative, 108 (50%) weak positive, 69 (32%) moderate positive and 19 (9%) strong positive, whereas for EphrinA-1 expression, 33
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The relationship between the biochemical control outcomes and the quality of planning of high-dose rate brachytherapy as a boost to external beam radiotherapy for locally and locally advanced prostate cancer using the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix definition
Antonio Cassio Assis Pellizzon, João Salvajoli, Paulo Novaes, Maria Maia, Ricardo Fogaroli, Doglas Gides, Rodrigues Horriot
Purpose: To evaluated prognostic factors and impact of the quality of planning of high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) for patients with local or locally advanced prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and HDR-BT. Methods and Materials: Between 1997 and 2005, 209 patients with biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma were
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Breast cancer screening in France: results of the EDIFICE survey
X Pivot, O Rixe, JF Morere, Y Coscas, L Cals, M Namer, D Serin, S Dolbeault, F Eisinger, C Roussel, JY Blay
Background: The EDIFICE survey aimed to investigate the compliance of the general population to the screening tests available in France for the 4 most common cancers: breast, colorectal, prostate and lung. Implementation of breast cancer screening has been generalized in France since 2003: women aged between 50 and 74 years are systematically
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MAINTENANCE HORMONAL TREATMENT IMPROVES PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL AFTER A FIRST LINE CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC BREAST CANCER
Armelle Dufresne, Xavier Pivot, Christophe Tournigand, Thomas Facchini, Thierry Alweeg, Loic Chaigneau, Aimery De Gramont
The present study was conducted in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Its aim was to identify the factors which influence progression -free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after the first line of chemotherapy in patients with positive tumour hormone receptor status. The patients with early disease progression during first-line
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Vgf is a novel biomarker associated with muscle weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with a potential role in disease pathogenesis
Zhong Zhao, Dale J. Lange, Lap Ho, Sara Bonini, Belinda Shao, Stephen R. Salton, Sunil Thomas, Giulio Maria Pasinetti
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Previous proteomic evidence revealed that the content of certain peptide fragments including Vgf-derived peptide aa 398-411 (Vgf398-411) of the precursor Vgf protein in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) correctly
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TPO, but not soluble-IL-6 receptor, levels increase after anagrelide treatment of thrombocythemia in chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Jan Palmblad, Magnus Björkholm, Jack Kutti, Gerd Lärfars, Eva Löfvenberg, Berit Markevärn, Mats Merup, Nils Mauritzson, Jan Westin, Jan Samuelsson, Gunnar Birgegård
Anagrelide is often used in the treatment of thrombocythemia in myeloproliferative disease (MPD), but information concerning effects of treatment on cytokines involved in regulation of blood platelet levels is limited. Here, we investigated serum levels of thrombopoietin (TPO) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in relation to response to treatment
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VEGF T-1498C polymorphism, a predictive marker of differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinomas in Japanese
Motohiro Yamamori, Mayuko Taniguchi, Shingo Maeda, Tsutomu Nakamura, Noboru Okamura, Akiko Kuwahara, Koichi Iwaki, Takao Tamura, Nobuo Aoyama, Svetlana Markova, Masato Kasuga, Katsuhiko Okumura, Toshiyuki Sakaeda
Background: Previously, MDR1 T-129C polymorphism, encoding multidrug resistant transporter MDR1/P-glycoprotein, was reported to be predictive of poorly-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas. Here, VEGF T-1498C, C-634G and C-7T polymorphisms, encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were investigated in terms of their association
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Expression and function of micro RNAs in immune cells during normal or disease state
Esmerina Tili, Jean-Jacques Michaille, George Adrian Calin
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are 19-24 nucleotide long non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. They are found in almost all species: viruses, plants, nematodes, fly, fish, mouse, human, and are implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. Microarray-based miRNA profiling brought to the discovery of miRNAs
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Principal Investigator Views of the IRB System
Simon N. Whitney, Kirsten Alcser, Carl E. Schneider, Laurence B. McCullough, Amy L. McGuire, Robert J. Volk
We undertook a qualitative e-mail survey of federally-funded principal investigators of their views of the US human subjects protection system, intended to identify the range of investigator attitudes. This was an exploratory study with a 14% response rate. Twenty-eight principal investigators responded; their comments were analyzed to show
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A 12 Week, Open Label, Phase I/IIa Study Using Apatone® for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer Patients Who Have Failed Standard Therapy
Basir Tareen, Jack L. Summers, James M. Jamison, Deborah R. Neal, Karen McGuire, Lowell Gerson, Ananias Diokno
Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral Apatone® (Vitamin C and Vitamin K3) administration in the treatment of prostate cancer in patients who failed standard therapy. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with 2 successive rises in PSA after failure of standard local therapy were treated with (5,000 mg of VC and 50 mg of VK3
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Computerized two-lead resting ECG analysis for the detection of coronary artery stenosis after coronary revascularization
Eberhard Grube, Andreas Bootsveld, Lutz Buellesfeld, Seyrani Yuecel, Joseph T Shen, Michael Imhoff
Background: Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) shows limited sensitivity and specificity for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD), where patients with a history of coronary revascularization may pose special challenges. Several methods exist to enhance sensitivity and specificity of resting ECG for diagnosis of CAD, but such methods are not
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Qualitative Dosimetric and Radiobiological Evaluation of High – Dose – Rate Interstitial brachytherapy Implants
Than S. Kehwar, Syed F. Akber, Kamlesh Passi
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Medsci.orgRadiation quality indices (QI), tumor control probability (TCP), and normal tissue complication probability(NTCP) were evaluated for ideal single and double plane HDR interstitial implants. In the analysis, geometrically–optimized at volume (GOV) treatment plans were generated for different values of inter–source–spacing (ISS)
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Correlation of the Radiographic and Morphological Features of the Dental Follicle of Third Molars with Incomplete Root Formation
David Moraes de OLIVEIRA, Emanuel Sávio de Souza ANDRADE, Márcia Maria Fonseca da SILVEIRA, Igor Batista CAMARGO
The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of the radiographic and morphological features of the dental follicle of unerupted third molars with incomplete root formation. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 56 patients (105 teeth) aged 13 to 24 years. Panoramic radiography was used to determine the stage of root
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Association Study of Aromatase Gene (CYP19A1) in Essential Hypertension
Masanori Shimodaira, Tomohiro Nakayama, Naoyuki Sato, Kosuke Saito, Akihiko Morita, Ichiro Sato, Teruyuki Takahashi, Masayoshi Soma, Yoichi Izumi
Background: As aromatase-deficient mice, which are deficient in estrogens, reportedly have reduced blood pressure, the aromatase gene (CYP19A1) is thought to be a susceptibility gene for essential hypertension (EH). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between CYP19A1 and EH by examining single nucleotide polymorphisms
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Physical Exercise and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
Marco VALENTI, Giampiero PORZIO, Federica AIELLI, Lucilla VERNA, Katia CANNITA, Renato MANNO, Francesco MASEDU, Paolo MARCHETTI, Corrado FICORELLA
An important goal for cancer patients is to improve the quality of life (QOL) by maximising functions affected by the disease and its therapy. Preliminary research suggests that exercise may be an effective intervention for enhancing QOL in cancer survivors. Research has provided preliminary evidence for the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of
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Plasmatic B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and C-Reactive Protein in Hyperacute Stroke as Markers of Ct-Evidence of Brain Edema
Pedro J Modrego, Beatriz Boned, Juan J Berlanga, Mercedes Serrano
OBJECTIVE. Plasmatic B-type-natriuretic peptide (NT-PBNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reportedly elevated in stroke patients; however their clinical significance remains uncertain. The purpose of this work is to investigate whether elevation of these proteins at baseline predicts CT-evidence of brain edema. METHODS. We recruited 41
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Does eGFR improve the diagnostic capability of S-Creatinine concentration results? A retrospective population based study
Anders Kallner, Peter A Ayling, Zahra Khatami
The use of MDRD-eGFR to diagnose Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is based on the assumption that the algorithm will minimize the influence of age, gender and ethnicity that is observed in S-Creatinine concentration and thus allow a single cut-off at which further diagnostic and therapeutic actions should be considered. This hypothesis is tested in a
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Differential Constitutive and Cytokine-Modulated Expression of Human Toll-like Receptors in Primary Neutrophils, Monocytes, and Macrophages
D. Shane O'Mahony, Uyenvy Pham, Ramesh Iyer, Thomas R. Hawn, W. Conrad Liles
Human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a family of proteins that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiates host innate immune responses. Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages are critical cellular components of the human innate immune system. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating
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